Monoclonal antibodies are useful in treating cancer when radioactive materials or tumor-killing drugs are attached to them. How is it that these cancer-killing methods are delivered only to the tumor and not to other, healthy cells?
A) Antibodies will stimulate the actions of T helper cells to fight the cancer.
B) Antibodies will attach to any cancer cell found, even if there are several different types present.
C) Antibodies will stimulate the actions of cytotoxic T cells to fight the cancer.
D) Antibodies will specifically bind to the antigen target for which they are designed, here a cancer cell.
Answer: D
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A) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. B) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. C) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. D) They limit the passage of small molecules. E) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.
Which of the following is a benefit of reconstructing evolutionary history from living organisms?
A. A range of features can be used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses. B. The time dimension of speciation events can be calculated with greater certainty. C. Evolutionary links running through extinct species can be inferred easily. D. The environmental context is more easily observable. E. None of the answer options is correct.
What is the function of the Golgi complex?
a. It synthesizes lipids. b. It synthesizes proteins for export from the cell. c. It receives proteins made in the rough ER and chemically modifies them. d. It receives proteins made in the smooth ER and chemically modifies them.
Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?
A) All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings. B) All cells have a cell wall. C) All cells can interconvert forms of energy. D) All cells have DNA as their genetic material.