If you were to evaluate these claims using the scientific method, what would be the first step?
A) Conduct an experiment.
B) Gather testimonials.
C) Develop a hypothesis.
D) Evaluate the results.
C
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In the absence of oxygen, can cells utilize the electron transport chain?
A. Yes, all cells can make use of the electron transport chain in the absence of oxygen via fermentation. B. No, oxygen is a required cofactor for the complexes in the electron transport chain. C. Yes, in the case that a cell can use a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, it can make use of the electron transport chain. D. No, oxygen is the primary electron acceptor in electron transport chains in all cell types.
A new drug is developed that targets and binds to the lipid A portion of LPS from Gram-negative bacterial cells. This drug shows a high degree of activity and binding in a test tube setting against purified lipid A. Based on this information,
A. we should fast track this drug and get it out to physicians immediately to help prevent toxic/septic shock in humans. B. we should do some animal testing with whole Gram-negative cells and the drug before we jump to any conclusions. C. we should next proceed by moving to testing in a test tube using whole Gram-negative cells to see if it binds with the same strength. D. we should abandon the drug entirely. Binding to lipid A won't kill the bacteria, so the drug is useless to develop further. It wouldn't help humans who have septic shock at all.
A pathway for cell growth control is conserved between Drosophila and humans, indicating that the
pathway is _______.
a. also found in prokaryotes d. at least 3.8 billion years old b. also found in all animals e. at least 8 million years old c. at least 800 million years old
What keeps the visceral pleura in close proximity to the parietal pleura?
A) positive pressure in the intrapleural space B) surface tension of the intrapleural fluid C) the mesothelia are one and the same D) trans-alveolar pressure E) spider web-like processes extending from the outer covering