Discuss the major theoretical differences between child-centered and teacher-directed early childhood education programs. What theories underlie child-centered programs? What theories underlie teacher-directed programs?
What does each type of program emphasize in its work with young children?
Child-centered programs tend to reflect the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, Montessori,
and the Reggio Emilia approach, stressing play and individual interest as impetus
for learning. Teacher-directed programs tend to be more behavioristic in approach,
structured on a basis of reward and punishment, and focused on school readiness.
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How did Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific inquiry of behaviors differ from the earlier viewpoints of structuralists, psychoanalysts, and functionalists?
What will be an ideal response?
When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory,
the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk. As information enters the warehouse, it is first placed on the desk. Because the desk is small, it must be quickly cleared off to make room for new information. While unimportant items are simply tossed away, personally or culturally meaningful information is placed in the files, which represent a. working memory. b. sensory memory. c. short-term memory. d. long-term memory.
In which example does play reflect the ability to pretend with less realistic toys?
A. Amelia pops the bubbles in bubble wrapping because she likes the popping sound. B. Blake plays with a glass object, unaware that it may break. C. Chabo pulls a washcloth through his bathwater and pretends that it is a fish. D. Dinesh has a favorite toy bear but cannot explain why it is special to him.
Kim's physician suspecting that she might be suffering from schizophrenia, investigates the white matter of her brain for abnormalities. Identify the method of investigation employed by Kim's physician to investigate the white matter.
A. DNA methylation B. Diffusion tensor imaging C. Electroconvulsive therapy D. Deep brain stimulation