Describe the concept of gene–environment correlation, including passive, evocative, and active types. Define niche-picking

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A major problem in trying to separate heredity and environment is that they are often correlated. According to the concept of gene–environment correlation, our genes influence the environments to which we are exposed. At younger ages, two types of gene–environment correlation are common. In passive correlation, the child has no control over the connection. Parents provide environments influenced by their own heredity. For example, musically inclined parents enroll their children in music lessons. In evocative correlation, children evoke responses that are influenced by the child's heredity, and these responses strengthen the child's original style. For example, an active, friendly baby is likely to receive more social stimulation from parents than a passive, quiet baby. At older ages, active correlation becomes common. Children seek environments that fit with their genetic tendencies. For example, the musically talented child joins the school choir.
Niche-picking is the tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity. Infants and young children cannot do much niche-picking because adults select environments for them. However, older children, adolescents, and adults are increasingly in charge of their environments.