The importance of shaping behavior through differential reinforcement is that it
a. develops behavior that would not occur naturally.
b. improves the acquisition of basic skills.
c. is a time-efficient method.
d. provides response practice for the organism.
a
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Self-regulation is an important skill for students to acquire because
a. students are expected to become more independent as learners as they get older. b. students are responsible for learning increasingly larger amounts of more complex material as they move through the grades. c. students will have to be self-directed learners after they leave school. d. All of these answers.
The spiral curriculum, as originally envisioned by Bruner, emphasizes:
a. a warm and accepting classroom atmosphere that promotes creativity and intuition. b. instruction in which new concepts build on previous knowledge as the student progresses. c. introducing and assessing the basic and advanced content from the established core curriculum. d. teaching topics that are within every child's individual zone of proximal development.
Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which one is not?
a. A ninth-grade science teacher uses a three-dimensional model of the solar system to illustrate her explanation of why it's warmer in summer than in winter. b. A second-grade teacher encourages students to speculate about possible explanations as to why kites of different shapes fly differently and then test each explanation systematically. c. When a high school student claims that people should "Make love, not war," his teacher urges him to consider whether such an approach would have been advisable when the Fascist movement was gaining ground in Europe in the late 1930s and early 1940s. d. When Martin says that two nickels are worth more than one dime because there are two of them and they're bigger, his teacher asks, "How can that be? Two nickels are worth ten cents, and one dime is also worth ten cents."
The standard normal distribution differs from other normal distributions in that only the standard normal distribution ______.
a. is measured in standard deviation units b. consists of an infinite number of scores c. is bell-shaped d. is based on mathematical formulas