Explain the difference between concrete and virtual manipulatives and the research supporting each.
What will be an ideal response?
Concrete manipulatives are physical objects a student can touch and manipulate to solve mathematics, such as counters, tiles, and base 10 blocks. Concrete manipulatives are considered an evidence-based practice for students with disabilities and much research exists to support their use across multiple mathematical domains (e.g., algebra, area and perimeter, fractions). Virtual manipulatives are digital – or virtual – manipulatives that one can access via a computer (i.e., website) or mobile device (i.e., app). Virtual manipulatives are lacking in a substantial research base, although emerging existing research supports their students with students with disabilities, including elementary-aged students with ASD and high school students with learning disabilities.
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