Describe the action research (OD) approach to organization change.
What will be an ideal response?
Action research involves the systematic collection of data that’s relevant to the problem(s) of interest. This is the research part of the process. Then management takes action, based on what they learn from the data analysis results. The process begins with (1) diagnosis, which may involve interviews with individuals and groups, administering questionnaires and/or observation; (2) feedback, which involves reporting back to those from whom the data were collected; (3) discussing what the data means and planning the steps to take as a consequence of what was learned; and (4) implementing the steps.
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The lock-in effect occurs when
A. the price of all stocks traded in an exchange appreciates. B. short selling of stocks is not allowed. C. stock prices decline more than 5 percent in one day. D. an investor doesn't sell a stock so she can avoid paying capital-gains taxes.
Michael Porter's five forces model and Rugman and D'Cruz's flagship model are both based on the concept of corporate individualism
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. During a manager's meeting, Paula, a district manager, discussed how to handle sensitive employee issues and indicated correctly that management is really just an art. 2. Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton believed that evidence-based management is founded on the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and accepting the nonsense that passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better. 3. Peter Drucker was a 20th-century socialist, opposed capitalism and believed that managers were more of a hindrance than a help to most organizations. 4. Ali, a CEO of a large IT organization, understands that many challenges are coming in his industry; therefore, he tells his upper-level management that it's helpful to look at theoretical perspectives of management to help make predictions and develop principles to guide future company strategies and actions. 5. Susan, a department manager, believes that ever since the corporate office eliminated certain benefits to reduce costs, her employees have not been working as hard as in the past. This reduction in effort is known as "soldiering."
The ________ has proven to be an invaluable tool for customer relationship management by facilitating the collection of individualized data to use to send personalized messages to potential customers.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).