An example of an administrative agency at the local level would be
a. a professional licensing board.
b. a zoning board.
c. a public utility commission.
d. none of these.
B
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All of the following are examples of operating activities except:
A) decisions on whether or not to schedule overtime for employees. B) decisions on what price to charge for a product. C) decisions on whether or not to accept a special order. D) decisions on whether actual outcomes were similar to desired outcomes.
Which of the following statements about the characteristics of the elements in the promotional mix is true?
A. Control over message content is greatest when public relations is used. B. A large audience is best reached with personal selling. C. The fastest feedback occurs with personal selling. D. The mode of communication for sales promotion is usually direct and personal. E. The message flow with advertising is two-way.
Which of the following statements is always true concerning the reporting of debt service funds?
A. Debt service funds are reported in the Governmental Activities column in the government-wide financial statements. B. Debt service funds are reported in a separate column in the government-wide financial statements. C. Debt service funds are reported in the Other Governmental Funds column in the governmental fund financial statements. D. Debt service funds are reported in a separate column in the governmental fund financial statements.
A landowner in Texas is offered $200,000 for the exploration rights to oil on her land, along with a 25% royalty on the future profits if oil is discovered
The landowner is also tempted to develop the field herself, believing that the interest in her land is a good indication that oil is present. In that case, she will have to contract a local drilling company to drill an exploratory well on her own. The cost for such a well is $750,000, which is lost forever if no oil is found. If oil is discovered, however, the landowner expects to earn future profits of $7,500,000. Finally, the landowner estimates (with the help of her geologist friend) the probability of finding oil on this site to be 60%. (A) Construct a decision tree to help the landowner make her decision. Make sure to label all decision and chance nodes and include appropriate costs, payoffs and probabilities. ? (B) What should the landowner do? Why? ? (C) Suppose the landowner is uncertain about the reliability of her geologist friend’s estimate of the probability that oil will be found on her land. If she thinks the probability could be anywhere between 40% and 80%, would that change her decision? ? (D) Suppose that, in addition to the uncertainty about the probability of finding oil, the landowner is also uncertain about the cost of the exploratory well (could vary +/- 25%) and the future profits (could vary +/- 50%). To which of these variables is the expected value most sensitive? ? (E) What does the risk profile show about the relative risk levels for the landowner’s two options? ? (F) Suppose the landowner suspects that she may be a somewhat risk-averse decision maker, because the she doesn’t feel there is as much of a difference between the two options as their expected values would indicate. She consults with a decision analysis expert who asks her to decide between two hypothetical alternatives: 1) a gamble with equal probabilities of winning an amount $X and losing an amount –$X/2, and 2) doing nothing, with a payoff of $0. The point at which she cannot decide between 1) and 2) is when X=$1,500,000. What is her risk tolerance if she uses an exponential utility function to model her preferences? ? (G) Apply the risk tolerance given in your answer to the previous question to the landowner’s decision tree in (A). What is the optimal decision in this case? What is the resulting certainty equivalent? ? (H) If the landowner could hire an expert geologist prepare a report to help her make her decision, what is the most that information could be worth? Assume the geologist’s information is perfectly reliable.