Which structure in the accompanying figure is a common site of cancer that can usually be detected by a Pap smear?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
e. 8
d
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If multiple fragments from a genome have been cloned into bacteria, how can a researcher identify the
bacteria that contains the particular sequence they are interested in?
a. The bacteria containing the gene of interest are antibiotic resistant and unable to digest Xgal. b. The DNA purified from individual colonies of bacteria is probed with a short, single stranded DNA fragment that is complementary to the gene of interest. c. The scientists have to sequence all of the DNA from all of the white bacterial colonies; fortunately computers let us automate this process. d. The scientists have to sequence all of the DNA from all of the blue bacterial colonies; fortunately computers let us automate this process. e. We have to isolate the DNA of interest before transforming it into the bacteria. That is the only way to know which bacteria have the DNA of interest.
In eukaryotes, what modification occurs to the
mRNA transcript?
a. the non-coding segments are removed b. the thymines are removed and replaced with uracils c. cytosines are added to the ends of the transcripts d. coding segments are methylated e. more than one of these modifications occur
The genetic code is made up of codons consisting of
how many nucleotides? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6 e. 9
What are the small circles of DNA that exist within the bacterial cytoplasm in addition to the bacterial chromosome?
a. pili b. capsids c. plasmids d. chromatids e. centromeres