A subordinate animal in a dominance hierarchy has limited access to food and mates. Why would he

remain in a social group that dominated him?



a. He is exhibiting altruistic behavior.
b. His chances of survival and reproduction are better in the group than alone.
c. He expects to become dominant in the future.
d. He does not know that it would be an advantage for him to leave.
e. Dominant group members will not allow him to leave.


B

Biology & Microbiology

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