What term refers to the degree of assistance provided to the adolescent who is not yet able to perform a task or skill according to theorists who espouse Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?
a. scaffolding
b. zone of proximal distance
c. area of competence
d. structuring
A. Scaffolding refers to the degree of assistance that is given to an individual who is not yet capable of performing a task or skill.
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Compared to someone with a history of continuous reinforcement, what is true for someone who has been reinforced on an unpredictable schedule, such as variable-ratio or variable-interval? a. The responses will extinguish more slowly
b. The responses will be more vigorous. c. The responses will occur with less delay between one and the next. d. The responses will fail to generalize to new stimuli or new settings.
Which of the following statements about returning students is false? a. Returning students tend to be problem-solvers
b. Returning students tend to need more direction from instructors. c. Returning students tend to experience conflicts between school, work, and family. d. Returning students often have life experience relevant to coursework.
Conforming to socially approved emotional display rules is
a. equally important in both individualistic and communal cultures. b. more important in collectivistic than in individualistic cultures. c. more important in individualistic than in communal cultures. d. unimportant in both collectivistic nor individualistic cultures.
When testosterone levels decrease below a certain level, this stimulates GnRH production by the hypothalamus, which increases the pituitary's LH and FSH production. As a result, ____
a. testosterone production increases and sperm production decreases b. testosterone production decreases and sperm production increases c. testosterone and sperm production decrease d. testosterone and sperm production increase