The term used to specify the flow, pressure, and volume waveforms that are graphed relative to time is called:
a. hysteresis.
b. loop.
c. waveform.
d. scalar.
ANS: D
Hysteresis can be thought of as a lagging of one of two associated phenomena; that is, two asso-ciated phenomena fail to coincide or occur simultaneously. The term scalar is used to specify the flow, pressure, and volume waveforms that are graphed relative to time (i.e., pressure, flow, and volume scalars). Basically, six shapes (waveforms) are produced with scalars during mechanical ventilation. The term loop is used to describe a graph of two variables plotted on the x and y co-ordinates, such as pressure-volume and flow-volume loops (these are discussed later in the chap-ter).
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