What best explains why some organisms
‘breed true” for certain traits?
a. they have identical alleles for these traits
b. their parents had the same phenotype
c. both alleles for the trait are on the same
chromosome
d. their genotypes match their phenotypes
e. they are heterozygous for these traits
A
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Explain why HIV becomes resistant so quickly when a single drug is used therapeutically
A. The virus is an RNA genome virus-by using host RNA polymerase to directly copy the genome to make more virus particles, there's no proofreading capability. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance. B. HIV utilizes reverse transcriptase to make a cDNA version of its RNA genome. This polymerase is "'sloppy," with a high rate of error and lack of a proofreading capability. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance. C. HIV synthesizes a protein enzyme that directly cleaves anti-HIV drugs, giving it a characteristically high rate of resistance to a single drug type. D. HIV is constantly changing its genetic structure by swapping genetic elements with other virus strains. This leads to a high rate of mutation of the viral genome and increased chance for drug resistance.
Vertical transmission involves
A. droplet transmission. B. fomites. C. pasteurization. D. pregnant woman to fetus.
In some studies that use observational rather than experimental data, investigators develop ____, which conceptually
predict what they would see if a particular factor had no effect.
a. control treatments b. null models c. experimental controls d. null treatments e. experimental models
What part of the DNA replication process would be most directly affected if a strain of bacteria lacking helicase were used to make the cell extracts?
(a) initiation of DNA synthesis (b) Okazaki fragment synthesis (c) leading-strand elongation (d) lagging-strand completion