A nurse is conducting an assessment of an older patient's eyes. The nurse expects to see which of the following normal age-related changes of the external eye? (Select all that apply.)
a. The eyelids are less elastic and droopy
b. The eyes are very dry
c. The eyelids may not close completely
d. There is a loss of eyelashes
e. The lower lid may be turned outward
ANS: A, B, C, E
Normal age-related changes in the external eye include a loss of elasticity causing drooping. Eyes become drier, and the eyelids may not close completely. Decreases in orbital muscle strength may result in entropion, the outward turning of the lower lid. Loss of eyelashes is not a normal age-related change.
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