In the 1970s, a gang problem existed in
a. every state and the District of Columbia.
b. nearly every state.
c. half the states.
d. fewer than half the states.
e. only four states.
D
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Shock probation involves:
A) one year of incarceration in a prison. B) varying levels of supervision by probation officers. C) temporary jail confinement. D) All of the above
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The positivist school of criminology involves a data-driven approach to understanding criminal behavior. 2. Incapacitation suggests that people will avoid potentially pleasurable acts if the pain or fear of punishment is significant. 3. According to psychological theories, crime occurs as a result of an inherited trait in an individual. 4. Freud argued that an individual’s personality is based on three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. 5. Research has not been able to document a relationship between environment and crime.
Deadly force is permissible to prevent:
a. the commission of a felony. b. refusal of a direct order. c. verbal threats. d. all of these choices.
Which of the following is NOT one of the possible harsh realities that a newly released prisoner may face once paroled?
a. barriers to success b. the strangeness of reentry c. unmet personal needs d. missing physical safety of prison