Describe the various kinds of employee empowerment/involvement programs that have been implemented since the 1970s. How effective have these program been?
What will be an ideal response?
Since the 1970s, several types of employee involvement programs have arisen. Quality circles provide a forum for workers to make suggestions about how to improve productivity and quality through regular group meetings with supervisors. High performance work systems combine flexibility with employee involvement in decision making. Quality of work life programs provide a forum for workers to make suggests about improving working conditions. Gainsharing programs reward worker suggestions for cost reduction and efficiency improvements. Self-directed work teams change the mass production mentality to one where employees are responsible for a full range of job tasks, maintenance and even personnel decisions. Research has linked the use of quality circles, work teams, and job rotation to higher levels of stress and cumulative trauma disorders such as carpal tunnel. On the other hand, employee satisfaction, esteem, and commitment may be achieved.
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Assume that relative purchasing-power parity holds. In 2004, the price level in Japan is 120 and the price level in the U.S. is 145. In 2005, the price level in Japan is 121 and the price level in the U.S. is 149. The exchange rate in 2004 is 112 yen per dollar. Calculate the exchange rate in 2005.
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A successor auditor should request the new client to authorize the predecessor auditor to allow a review of the predecessor's:
A. engagement letter. B. engagement letter and audit working papers. C. audit working papers. D. It would not be typical to allow a review of either the engagement letter or the audit working papers.
Assume that your firm is a market leader in manufacturing detergent. How would the firm use position defense as a defensive marketing strategy to maintain its share?
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Explain the concept of causality as defined in marketing research and distinguish between the ordinary meaning and the scientific meaning of causality
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