__________ processing is conceptually driven and influenced by our beliefs and expectations
A) Bottom-up
B) Parallel
C) Top-down
D) Sensory
Answer: C
Rationale: Top-down processing occurs when prior knowledge and expectations guide what is perceived. For example, an ambiguous character that could be either a "5" or an "S" will be perceived differently depending on whether you expect it to be a number or a letter.
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In a classic study on memory, the researcher showed people 2,560 photographs at a rate of one every ten seconds. Each person was then shown 280 pairs of photographs with each pair having an "old" picture (from the first set of photos) and a similar "new" image. The subjects could tell which photograph they had seen before in what percent of the paired photographs?
a. only 5 percent b. 15 to 25 percent c. 45 to 55 percent d. 85 to 95 percent
Samuel is a contestant on Who Wants to be a Millionaire? He has been doing very well and is trying for $250,000. In giving his answers, he is probably most reliant on __________ memory
a) episodic b) semantic c) iconic d) task
In comparison to the typical blended family of two centuries ago, blended families today are usually more complex because they:
a. include more children under the age of 10 b. include more teenage children c. include the presence of a living former spouse d. involve much greater financial hardships
How does “incentive motivation” differ from “drive”?
a. An incentive, unlike a drive, is stronger at some times than at others
b. Incentive motivation is based on weak or uncertain rewards.
c. An incentive can motivate action when need is low or absent.
d. An incentive motivates action that continues until the person gains the goal.