The use of pollution charges to reduce pollution confronts the problem of
a. free riders who avoid revealing benefits from abatement.
b. determining specific individual damages and appropriate charges associated with pollutants.
c. necessarily lowering the price of the products.
d. requiring no agency to administer the tax.
a
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Economists use the term variable costs to refer to
a. prices of inputs that are subject to sudden change, like fuel. b. an increase in the price of any input. c. costs that vary with the type of final product being produced. d. costs that vary with the quantity of output produced.
Importers collect additional revenues from a ________, and governments collect additional revenues from ________
A) quota; import bans B) quota; tariffs C) tariff; voluntary export restraints D) voluntary export restraint; quotas
Most of the pressure for a monetary growth rule has disappeared because since 1980,
A) the relationship between movements in the money supply and movements in real GDP and the price level have become much weaker. B) the relationship between movements in the money supply and movements in real GDP and the price level have become much stronger. C) the relationship between movements in interest rates and movements in real GDP and the price level have become much weaker. D) the relationship between movements in interest rates and movements in real GDP and the price level have become much stronger.
How are index numbers expressed?
a. as dollars b. as percentages c. as numbers d. as ratios