Explain how hunger signals change several hours after eating.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary.
Several hours after eating, concentrations of macronutrients in the blood begin to fall and the body starts using energy from body stores. This change causes feelings of satiety to diminish, and feeding signals begin to dominate again. Endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, and hormones, such as cortisol and ghrelin, stimulate appetite and increase food intake.
As you can see, the regulation of food intake and satiety is complex and involves body cells (brain, adipose tissue, stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs), hormones (e.g., cholecystokinin and ghrelin), neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin), dietary components, and social customs. This system is not perfect, however; your body weight can increase (or decrease) over time if you are not careful to balance your energy intake with your energy output.
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