Pavlov realized that a pause between stimuli makes the response weaker in:
A. backward conditioning.
B. forward trace conditioning with longer delay.
C. simultaneous conditioning.
D. forward (delayed) conditioning.
Answer: B
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Some psychologists refer to individual differences in the ability to cope with stress as resulting from a personality trait of hardiness. Which aspect of hardiness reflects seeing the world as interesting and seeking involvement rather than withdrawal?
a. ?control b. commitment c. ?challenge d. ?compassion
A problem with cross-sectional studies is that they ______
a. take longer to run than longitudinal studies b. don't distinguish age differences from cohort differences c. are less trustworthy than either biographical or longitudinal studies d. don't distinguish differences among age groups
Patricia wants her brother Mike to look after her children for a weekend. First she asks him if he will take them up to his cottage when he goes there for two weeks in August. When he refuses, she asks if he will look after them for a weekend in August instead, and he agrees to do so. This is an example of:
a. the foot-in-the-door technique b. the low-ball technique c. the door-in-the-face technique d. the that's-not-all technique e. the indirect influence technique
In general, which of the following statements is correct?
A. Most stimuli will gradually develop the ability to elicit a conditioned response. B. Few stimuli will gradually develop the ability to elicit a conditioned response. C. Salient stimuli do not rapidly become associated with particular unconditioned stimuli. D. Non-salient stimuli often become associated with repeated conditioned stimuli–unconditioned stimuli pairings.