Infants are at risk for hypothermia, bradycardia, and acidosis because they
a. are totally dependent upon breathing through their noses.
b. cannot shiver when exposed to lowered temperatures.
c. have a cardiac output of only 1 L per minute, whereas their circulating blood volume is around 85 cc/kg.
d. have a high ratio of body surface area to body surface mass.
B
Infants aged 6 months and younger do not have the ability to shiver when exposed to lower ambient temperatures. The absence of this important protective mechanism puts them at risk for hypothermia, bradycardia, and acidosis. Infants are typically nose breathers which causes them to have difficulty breathing when their nasal passages become blocked by edema and mucus. Cardiac output and circulating blood volume are not related to hypothermia, bradycardia, and acidosis.
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