Extinction involves
a. Having staff stop doing what they have been doing
b. Systematically withholding or preventing access to a reinforcing outcome that previously was delivered
c. Changing the function that the behaviors serve
d. All of the above
b
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The zone of proximal development and scaffolding are ideas about learning put forth by:
a. Jean Piaget. b. Lev Vygotsky. c. Jerome Bruner. d. Richard Skemp.
From Vygotsky's perspective, why do cultural differences exist in people's cognitive abilities?
a. Cultures differ in the extent to which they use inner speech. b. The varying eating habits of different cultural groups influence children's nutrition and thus also influence brain maturation. c. Different cultures pass along somewhat different cognitive tools. d. Some cultures mediate children's experiences, whereas others do not.
Developing authentic relationships, civility and respect, conveying appropriate expectations, cultural sensitivity, maintaining credibility and dependability, and keeping things in perspective are elements of which of the following?
a. Adapting curriculum b. Communication techniques for instruction and behavior management c. Behavior management plans d. Evidenced-based practices for instructional delivery
Which of the following presents the greatest difficulty in forming definitive conclusions in historical research?
A. The scientific method does not fit historical problems. B. The obtainable evidence pertaining to historical events is often incomplete. C. The type of reasoning involved in historical research makes it impossible to use hypotheses. D. The most readily available evidence for historical studies is usually primary data only.