Which statement about the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning is TRUE?
A) Before any conditioning trials, the conditioned stimulus produces only one response.
B) The conditioned stimulus is initially neutral and does not produce a response.
C) Learning is not required for a conditioned stimulus to produce a response.
D) The conditioned stimulus must resemble the unconditioned stimulus.
B) The conditioned stimulus is initially neutral and does not produce a response.
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The most commonly used descriptive statistics for a set of numerical scores are the mean and the ____
a. range b. standard deviation c. mode d. median
Many of the physiological changes during emotion are caused by
a. the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline. b. the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. c. secondary appraisal. d. muscular tension.
Statistics that describe the spread of scores in the distributions are called measures of _______.
A. validity B. uncertainty C. central tendency D. variability
Which of the following is NOT true of early-maturing boys?
A) They are less likely than late-maturing boys to smoke or use alcohol. B) They are more often chosen for leadership roles. C) They tend to have more athletic skills than other boys their age. D) They tend to be more popular with girls.