Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________

a. punishing undesired behavior
b. rewarding behavior in the direction of the desired behavior
c. withholding to gain compliance
d. educating to avoid future incidents of the behavior


B

Counseling

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The assumption that teachers cannot take responsibility for student behavior is a part of:

a. C-group. b. Adlerian consultation. c. organizational development consultation. d. parent education.

Counseling

Temperamental dimensions include each of the following except:

a. Sociability b. Positive affect c. Fear/inhibition d. Euphoria

Counseling

The_______________ factors—the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra­therapeutic factors—are the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome

a. ?logistical b. ?contextual c. ?psychodynamic d. ?technical

Counseling

Which of the following was NOT a criticism of tests during the Era of Discontent?

a. Tests punish creative individuals. b. Tests are instruments of oppression. c. Tests damage children through educational labeling. d. Most tests lack appropriate reliability and validity data.

Counseling