How does morality develop?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Piaget believed that moral development occurs in three stages.
- Heteronomous morality is the first stage, represented by rules that are seen as invariant and unchangeable. This is the stage of preschool children.
- The incipient cooperation stage, lasts from around age 7 to 10, represented by shared formal rules of games that are still seen as largely unchangeable.
- The autonomous cooperation stage, begins at age 10, and is represented by the child's belief that rules can be modified if agreed upon. Rules and laws are established by people and can be changed according to the will of people.
- Social learning approaches to moral development emphasize the importance of reinforcement for moral actions and the observation of models of moral conduct.
- Psychoanalytical and other theories focus on children's empathy with others and their wish to help others, so they can avoid unpleasant feelings of guilt themselves.
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"Mental learning" is closest in meaning to which form of learning?
a. operant conditioning b. cognitive learning c. classical conditioning d. creative learning e. higher-order conditioning
Defining the testing universe is an important step for ensuring a test has evidence of validity based on its
a. content. b. reliability. c. relations with variables. d. constructs.
Individualist cultures emphasize group goals over individual achievement
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Dizygotic twins
a. share the same amount of genetic material as any other pair of brothers or sisters. b. are the result of an unusual occurrence shortly after conception. c. develop from one fertilized egg. d. all of these answers are correct