During HIV reproduction, spike glycoproteins
A. do not enter the cell with the virus.
B. are released into the cytoplasm by cellular enzymes.
C. are embedded in the infected cell membrane.
D. are assembled into the virus along with reverse transcriptase.
E. are embedded in the viral capsid.
A. do not enter the cell with the virus.
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Compounds such as salt and calcium are __________
a. minerals b. vitamins c. micronutrients d. organic
The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria had their evolutionary beginnings in eukaryotic cells as endosymbionts is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. chloroplasts and mitochondria are completely autonomous within eukaryotic cells. b. chloroplasts and mitochondria have DNA. c. chloroplasts and mitochondria have small ribosomes for protein synthesis. d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells. e. chloroplasts and mitochondria have the same shape as prokaryotic cells.
Monogamy, a relatively rare system outside of birds, evolves when:
a. it is dangerous to compete for multiple mates. b. males compete for females who have higher parental investment. c. both males and females have low parental investment. d. both males and females have high and equal parental investment. e. females compete for males who have higher parental investment.
Human babies and animals adapted to the cold are able to maintain their body temperatures because of the presence of brown fat. The mitochondria in brown fat have a protein in them called thermogenin, which allows the flow of hydrogen ions back through
the inner mitochondrial membrane (bypassing the ATP synthase). Based on this and your understanding of cellular respiration, propose a mechanism by which brown fat helps keep babies and other animals warm. What will be an ideal response?