Lower status primates have higher levels of________________ than higher ranked primates
a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol.
b. Testosterone.
c. Antidiuretic hormone.
d. Tryptophan and glycine.
A
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According to John Bowlby, an internal working model helps the child to _______.
a. forecast the future b. play more efficiently c. both of the above d. none of the above
Which of the following provides the best evidence that reinforcers do not simply strengthen behavior?
a. guinea pigs learned to turn their heads in a different direction when the behavior-reinforcercontingency was changed b. cats made fewer errors after repeated escapes from a problem box c. rats trained with bran mash made more errors in a maze when their reinforcer was switched to sunflower seeds d. pigeons will peck at a key even when doing so results in a loss of food
B. F. Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time, most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual, even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were ________.
a. demonstrating spontaneous recovery b. developing phobias c. trained by vicarious conditioning d. behaving superstitiously
Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been found to be especially helpful in the treatment of _____________
A) dissociative disorders B) depression C) borderline personality disorder D) substance dependence