In developing countries where childhood illness is common, children who have been relatively free from illnesses tend to be ____ than their sickness-prone peers
a. more socially withdrawn because of fear of illnesses
b. later more oriented toward heterosexuality
c. more emotionally neglected
d. taller and heavier
D
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Which of the following is the best explanation of how attitudes may influence gender differences on cognitive tasks?
a. Children tend to react against their parents' stereotypes, especially during adolescence, so girls become overconfident about their math ability. b. Boys perceive themselves as being more competent than girls, as far as math ability, so this self-confidence can improve their performance. c. Boys react more strongly when they experience stereotype threat, and so they frequently provide a quick answer that is incorrect. d. Because boys are more impulsive than girls, they are less likely to develop negative attitudes about cognitive tasks.
In group decision-making, the tendency for group discussion to be limited to a single point of view is best described by which psychological principle?
a. diffusion of responsibility b. social loafing c. groupthink d. legitimization of authority e. consensus-building
Polina participates in a short-term memory experiment. The experimenter reads aloud a list of twenty objects, and Polina has to mentally rate how effective each object would be if she was stranded on a deserted island. The experimenter then asks her to count backwards by threes from one hundred. This task, known as ____, ensures that Polina does not rehearse the information to keep it in her
short-term memory.? a. ?motivated forgetting b. ?chunking c. ?the Brown-Peterson distractor technique d. ?the relearning method
_________ theories emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of others, positive consequences, and cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs
a. Social-cognitive b. Classical conditioning c. Behaviorist d. Operant condition