Much human learning, such as using a computer or playing a musical instrument, occurs in the absence of obvious reinforcers, such as food or water, because of the adaptive value of
a. primary reinforcers.
b. conditioned stimuli.
c. positive reinforcers.
d. feedback.
D
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In sociometer theory, the sociometer is a a. specific part of our brain that detects how social others are feeling at any given time. b. tool that measures one's level of social skill, and uses that to predict social success in the workplace. c. mechanism that helps us detect acceptance versus rejection and translate that perception into high- versus lowself-esteem
d. measure of self-esteem that is traditionally used in most research.
To observe conditioning, one could ring a bell and squirt lemon juice into Johnny's mouth. By repeating this procedure several times, you could condition Johnny to salivate to the bell. Conditioning will be most rapid if the US follows immediately after the CS. In this example, the CS would be
a. the lemon juice. b. the bell. c. salivation to the bell. d. salivation to the lemon juice.
Sam complains of muscular tension and a constant, nagging sense of worry or apprehension. These complaints reflect ______ of generalized anxiety disorder.
a. symptoms b. signs c. self-reports d. selfies
Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can simultaneously influence that environment is known as __________
a) self-efficacy b) locus of control c) phenomenology d) reciprocal determinism