A patient has been using one drug and has required increasing dosages. When changed to another agent in the same class, higher dosages of that agent are required as well. This is an example of which of the following conditions?
a. Tolerance
b. Cross-tolerance
c. Addiction
d. Cross-dependence
B
Cross-tolerance is a state in which one drug confers tolerance to another.
Tolerance results from regular drug use and is defined as a state in which a particular dose elicits a smaller response.
Addiction refers to a disease process characterized by the continued use of a specific psychoac-tive substance despite physical, psychologic, or social harm.
Cross-dependence refers to the ability of one drug to support physical dependence on another drug.
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The nurse knows that patients who are in shock have special nutritional needs; these special nutritional needs are directly related to the:
A) Use of albumin as a food source by the body because of the need for increased caloric intake B) Loss of fluids due to stress ulcers and decreased stomach acids due to increased parasympathetic activity C) Release of catecholamines that creates an increase in metabolic rate and caloric requirements D) Increase in gastrointestinal function during shock and the resulting diarrhea.
A patient is seeking treatment for her fear of cats; even a picture or a thought of a cat causes her to sweat, tremble, become very apprehensive and uncomfortable, and become sick to her stomach
The nurse has established the nursing diagnosis as Anxiety related to exposure to phobic object (cats). A realistic indicator for the outcome Anxiety self-control would be that within 10 days, the patient will: a. avoid the feared object whenever possible. b. face the feared object without supportive assistance. c. state that the fear of cats is unrealistic and inappropriate. d. report a decrease in distress when thinking about cats.
A patient recently fell while she was out jogging and has severely sprained her left ankle. What should the nurse tell her when discussing how much medication she should take to reduce her symptoms?
a. High doses of NSAIDs may be necessary to get the antiinflammatory response. b. She should take the medications only when needed to avoid developing drug dependency. c. Oral forms of NSAIDs are not very helpful, and she should have the injectable forms for good response. d. NSAIDs should be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption.
What is the purpose of initiating contractions in a contraction stress test (CST)?
a. Increase placental blood flow. b. Identify fetal acceleration patterns. c. Determine the degree of fetal activity. d. Apply a stressful stimulus to the fetus.