The nurse suspects that a patient is experiencing a response to stress. By which route should the nurse expect hormone transport to be conducted in this stress response?
1. neuroendocrine
2. paracrine
3. portal
4. nerve cell extension
Correct Answer: 1
When a patient is undergoing a stress response, epinephrine is released into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla, which is an example of the neuroendocrine route of hormone transport. The paracrine route involves endorphins being released into interstitial fluids to act locally in response to inflammation. The portal route involves most endocrine hormones being released into the bloodstream to act on target organs, such as occurs with thyroid hormone and insulin. The hypothalamus releases its hormones directly to target cells in the posterior pituitary by nerve cell extension.
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