In shaping, it is very important that the reinforcer come:
a. immediately before the desired behavior
b. immediately after the desired behavior
c. only after the subject has had time to appreciate what is happening
d. at the same time that the target behavior is occurring
B
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During middle adulthood, people realize that they have lived more than half their lives. This makes the issue of death
a. less immediate. b. more concrete. c. a new realization. d. a philosophical challenge.
Which of the following is the best example of hill climbing?
a. playing roulette at a casino without keeping track of your winnings or your losses b. working out a solution to a puzzle game c. constructing a model airplane d. spending $100 impulsively while shopping
Which of the following is defined by the hereditary aspects of one's emotional nature?
a. character b. personanlity c. ego ideal d. temperament
What does the term "negative" mean in the context of reinforcement or punishment?
What will be an ideal response?