A patient comes into the emergency department with itching, swelling, and slight shortness of breath after being stung by a bee 20 minutes ago. The nurse bases care of this patient on the pathophysiology of which hypersensitivity reaction?
1. Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
2. Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity
3. Type III immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
4. Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
1
Rationale 1: Common hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylactic shock are typical of type I or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. When a potent allergen such as bee or wasp venom is injected, resulting in widespread antibody–antigen reaction and response to these chemical mediators, a systemic response such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, or angioedema occurs.
Rationale 2: A hemolytic transfusion reaction to blood of an incompatible type is characteristic of a type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction.
Rationale 3: Type III hypersensitivity reactions result from the formation of IgG or IgM antibody–antigen immune complexes in the circulation, leading to tissue damage. Serum sickness is an example of a disorder secondary to type III immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity.
Rationale 4: Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions result from an exaggerated interaction between an antigen and normal cell-mediated mechanisms. Symptomology does not manifest for 24 to 48 hours after the exposure.
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1. "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 months.". 2. "I can store my breast milk in the freezer for 3 months.". 3. "I can store my breast milk at room temperature for 8 hours.". 4. "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days.".