Discuss the major theories of dreaming and explain the significance that each theory attaches to dreams
What will be an ideal response?
Freud's wish fulfillment theory states that people dream to satisfy unmet needs from their waking lives. For Freud, dreams reveal many of our unconscious needs.
According to the problem-solving view, dreams allow people to engage in creative thinking to solve everyday problems. Since dreams are not constrained by logic, they can help people come up with novel solutions.
According to the activation-synthesis model, dreams are side effects of neuronal activity that occurs during sleep. According to this view, neurons from the lower brain centers send periodic random messages to the cortex, and dreams emerge from the cortex's efforts to synthesize these messages into a coherent story.
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Research in behavioral genetics has shown the family environment shared by children growing up together has ____ impact on personality
a. no b. little c. a moderately large d. a large
Identify a true statement based on Allport's view on the ultimate and necessary goal of life
a. Catharsis is reached by reducing tension while seeking new challenges. b. Unique traits and common traits are combined into personal dispositions. c. The reward is in the process of achieving a goal rather than reaching it. d. Our environment supplies the temperament required to achieve the goal.
According to Raymond Cattell, the general ability to solve problems, reason, and remember refers to:
a. crystallized intelligence b. fluid intelligence c. practical intelligence d. analytic intelligence
Martha McClintock (1971) found that pheromones caused women living together to:
a. synchronize menstrual cycles b. become close friends c. become more aggressive d. eliminate menstrual cycles