Why are variable-ratio reinforcement schedules effective in maintaining behavior?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Variable-ratio reinforcement schedules involve giving out a reward after a random number of behaviors.
- Because the contingency between behavior and reinforcement is unpredictable, steadily and continuously enacting the behavior is the best means of obtaining reinforcement.
- The result is that a high rate of behavior will occur.
- Slot machines are an example of variable-ratio schedules. A person will continue pumping money into the machine, never knowing when or whether a payout will result.
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Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?
a. Is difficult b. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal c. Has one correct answer d. The solution is not obvious
Fertilization of the ova usually occurs in the
A) uterus. B) isthmus. C) ovary. D) fallopian tubes.
What did Piaget consider to be adaptive learning systems where cause and effect are linked through involuntary responses?
A. Circular reactions B. Coordination of means and ends C. First habits D. Reflexes
Seventy-two year-old Peter's core pathology is most likely
A. extinction. B. rejectivity. C. exclusivity. D. disdain.