What is cognitive dissonance, and what choices do people have to alleviate the psychological discomfort associated with cognitive dissonance? Give an example.
What will be an ideal response?
Cognitive dissonance is the stress and discomfort individuals experience when
they face an inconsistency among their own beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors.
People have a number of choices to reduce cognitive dissonance, including change the
behavior, change the belief or attitude, or rationalize the inconsistency. For example, if a
person believes that men make better bosses than women, he might experience
cognitive dissonance when he is pressured to promote a woman into a leadership
position. He may reduce this cognitive dissonance by refusing to promote a woman into
a leadership position (changing the behavior), read research that suggests women
sometimes make better bosses than men (changing the belief or attitude) or reminding
himself that he only made the promotion because he was forced to do so (rationalizing
the inconsistency between his belief and behavior).
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