The reasons why humans decide to help each other is a complicated issue. Describe two social-cognitive explanations and three evolutionary explanations for helping behavior
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
? Social-Cognitive
o Social-exchange theory—individuals help when the perceived benefits of helping outweigh the perceived costs.
o Social responsibility norm—society teaches us that the value of helping goes beyond the benefits an individual might receive, and that individuals who cannot help themselves require special help.
? Evolutionary
o Costly signaling—altruistic behavior signals to others that the helper would be a valuable mate.
o Kin selection—putting one's self at risk to help a genetic relative increases the probability that the genes you have in common will be passed to the next generation.
o Reciprocal altruism—helping behavior extended to nongenetic relatives may be returned in the future.
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