Which of the following is best described by sayings like "making a mountain out of a mole hill" and "crying over spilled milk" in explaining depression?
a. the role of monoamines c. immaturity of the prefrontal cortex
b. psychosocial factors d. socially dependent personality
B
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The prelinguistic phase in infancy ends when the child
a. utters her first meaningful words. b. succeeds in toilet-training. c. walks without assistance. d. first shows signs, however indirectly, of using grammar.
Analyses of the specific injury that Phineas Gage suffered, along with careful analyses of his behavior after the injury have helped to:
A) document the plasticity and flexibility of the brain B) establish the role of the prefrontal cortex in emotional regulation C) document how speech can be impaired by specific kinds of brain damage D) provide clues to curing or rehabilitating patients who undergo such injuries
Mr. Rodriguez believes that John is smart. Therefore, he asks John lots of questions and John gets many of them right. This sequence may represent ____
a. a self-fulfilling prophecy b. that Mr. Rodriguez is a good judge of student ability c. that John is a smart boy d. all of these
Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals, it is reasonable to conclude that aggression
A) may be instinctive—very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges. B) is instinctive in all species except humans. C) is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy. D) is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes. E) is only instinctive in "lower" animals.