Which action by the nurse is most effective to prevent becoming exposed to the human immune deficiency virus (HIV)?
a. Always use Standard Precautions with all clients in the workplace.
b. Place clients who are HIV positive in Contact Precautions.
c. Wash hands before and after contact with clients who are HIV positive.
d. Convert parenteral medications to an oral form for clients who are HIV positive.
A
The best prevention for health care providers is the consistent use of Standard Precautions with all clients, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Contact Precautions are not indicated unless the client has an infection such as Clostridium difficile or MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
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The patient with traumatic brain injury has been intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Which nursing interventions would help optimize oxygenation?
1. Preoxygenate the patient prior to suctioning. 2. Use very low vacuum pressure when suctioning the patient. 3. Limit suction passes to 10 to 15 seconds or less. 4. Suction when PaCO2 levels rise above 40 mm Hg. 5. Suction the patient before and after scheduled turns.
The nurse evaluates that the client has learned an important fact about cocaine use when he says
a. "Cocaine is not addictive. I can use it as a recreational drug." b. "Cocaine withdrawal is relatively easy. There is only mild fatigue." c. "I know a young person can have a heart attack from using cocaine." d. "Since cocaine is a depressant, one should not drive under its influence."
Women who smoke during pregnancy are most likely to have infants who are what?
a. Large for gestational age b. Preterm but size appropriate for gestational age c. Growth restricted in weight only d. Growth restricted in weight, length, and chest and head circumference
What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis?
a. Smoking b. Infection c. Air pollution d. Family history