Which is the most important intervention for the nurse to complete before obtaining a blood specimen?
1. Verify the client identification.
2. Perform client skin preparation.
3. Ask client for an arm preference.
4. Tell client procedure is not painful.
1
1. The nurse verifies client identification before obtaining the blood specimen and uses at least two client identifiers to ensure accurate identification because the nurse exposes the client to potentially life-threatening complications by mislabeling a spe-cimen.
2. Skin preparation is important to decrease the risk of infection in the client.
3. The nurse asks about client preferences for the site of the blood withdrawal as a courtesy and to make sure the client has no contraindications to phlebotomy from a specific site.
4. The nurse avoids telling the client the procedure is not painful because the misin-formation violates the client's right to information, to participate in the client's plan of care, and to make informed decisions.
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The nurse encourages the patient with essential hypertension that a first-line therapeutic approach to lower blood pressure is (select all that apply):
1. smoking cessation. 2. beta-blockers. 3. exercise programs. 4. weight loss. 5. decrease of sodium intake.
The liver has many functions and liver failure can lead to multiple system complications. Which of the following are complications associated with liver failure? (Select all that apply.)
a. ammonia and byproducts accumulate in the blood and cause neurological problems b. musculoskeletal wasting c. abnormal Vitamin K activation and coagulation problems d. increased risk for infection e. ascites due to intrahepatic vascular obstruc-tion f. clubbing of fingernails due to poor oxygenation
The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old client preparing for surgery. The nurse knows this client is at increased risk because:
A) The older adult has increased kidney function. B) The older adult will turn, cough, and deep-breathe more effectively. C) The older adult has an increase in sensory function. D) The physiological deficits of aging increase the surgical risk for older adults.
The first official school for educating LPNs was in:
1. New York City. 2. Philadelphia. 3. Mississippi. 4. California.