One factor affecting internal validity is the initial difference between participants before any kind of training or treatment is given. This factor is called ___.

a. retroactive history
b. proactive history
c. maturation
d. attrition


Ans: b

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Children who eat too much unhealthy food AND children who do not eat enough food at all can be described as:

a. abused. b. experiencing food insecurity. c. malnourished. d. suffering from an eating disorder.

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Who advocated the use of programmed instruction?

a. B. F. Skinner b. John Watson c. Ivan Pavlov d. Robert Hutchins

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_______________ are generally broad, encompassing statements that identify the skill area or behavior that

one wishes to increase, decrease, or maintain. a. objectives b. conditions c. criteria d. goals

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Increased immigration and the recent economic recession resulted in an increasing number of ______ families, which reverses the trend in U.S. families that began during the Industrial Revolution.

A. multigenerational B. multiracial C. same-sex D. nuclear

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