Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) has a lower limit and an upper limit. Which of the following best describes these limits?
A. The lower level is the level of skill reached by a majority of students in a class and the upper limit is the level of skill reached by the top five percent of students in the class.
B. The lower limit is the level of skill reached by a child working independently and the upper limit is the level of responsibility the child can accept with assistance.
C. A student's ZPD limits and "readiness to learn" are determined by the results of standardized testing.
D. Teaching should begin at the lower limit of the ZPD and gradually progress toward the upper limit so that a student experiences success.
Answer: B
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