The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to prevent or delay chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which client statements indicate a lack of understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
a. "I need to decrease sodium, cholesterol, and protein in my diet."
b. "My weight should be maintained at a body mass index of 30."
c. "Smoking should be stopped as soon as I possibly can."
d. "I can continue to take an aspirin every 4 to 8 hours for my pain."
e. "I really only need to drink a couple of glasses of water each day."
ANS: B, D, E
Weight should be maintained at a body mass index (BMI) of 22 to 25. A BMI of 30 indicates obesity. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin should be limited to the lowest time at the lowest dose due to interference with kidney blood flow. The client should drink at least 2 liters of water daily. Diet adjustments should be made by restricting sodium, cholesterol, and protein. Smoking causes constriction of blood vessels and decreases kidney perfusion, so the client should stop smoking.
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Individuals, families, groups and organizations, policy makers, and staff are involved in community collaboration. These groups are known as
1. Nursing Center workers 2. Policy makers 3. Stakeholders 4. Diversity