When lecturing about heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), the instructor will emphasize the client may present with: Select all that apply
A) Substernal chest pain
B) Neck pain
C) Umbilicus pain
D) Deep, right-sided abdominal pain
E) Pain that radiates to the left arm
Ans: A, B, E
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Referred pain is perceived at a site different from the location of its point of origin but innervated by the same spinal segment. The sites of referred pain are determined embryologically with the development of visceral and somatic structures that share the same site for entry of sensory information into the central nervous system (CNS) and then move to more distant locations. Pain that originates in the abdominal or thoracic viscera is diffuse and poorly localized and is often perceived at a site far removed from the affected area. For example, the pain associated with myocardial infarction commonly is referred to the left arm, neck, and chest, which may delay diagnosis and treatment of a potentially life-threatening condition.
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