A patient has been admitted to the pulmonary unit of the hospital with right lower lobe pneumonia and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
During the initial assessment the nurse notes that the patient has a respiration rate of 18 with retractions, tachycardia, and complains of dyspnea and dizziness. The nurse identifies that these are clinical signs of which condition? a. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
b. Orthopnea
c. Hemoptysis
d. Hypoxia
D
Dyspnea is a clinical sign of hypoxia. Dyspnea is the subjective sensation of breathlessness as perceived by the patient. Hypoxia is inadequate tissue oxygenation with a deficiency in oxygen delivery or oxygen utilization at the cellular level. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, dizziness, and mental confusion. Dyspnea that occurs when a patient is sleeping is called paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. The patient awakens in a panic, feels as if he or she is suffocating, and has a strong need to sit up to relieve the breathlessness. Orthopnea is an abnormal condition in which a patient has difficulty breathing when lying down and has to use multiple pillows or sit to breathe. Hemoptysis is bloody sputum. It is associated with coughing and bleeding from the upper respiratory tract, from sinus drainage, or from the gastrointestinal tract.
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A) A decrease in cognition, judgment, and memory B) A decrease in muscle mass and bone density C) The disappearance of sexual desire for both men and women D) An increase in sebaceous and sweat gland function in both men and women
A nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination on a patient who has mobility issues. In preparing for the examination, the nurse should do which of the following?
a. Be sure that a well-equipped examination room is available. b. Tune the radio to the nurse's favorite station to relax the patient. c. Perform thorough hand hygiene before preparing equipment. d. Instruct the patient on the safest way to transfer onto the examination table.
The nurse is aware that women are at a greater risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than men because:
a. of longer period of time during which male secretions are in contact with female mucous membranes. b. estrogens make vaginal membranes more susceptible. c. penile friction to the vaginal wall encou-rages STIs. d. changing hormonal levels create a condu-cive vaginal environment.
To increase the comfort of a client with exophthalmos, the nurse would
a. elevate the head of the bed at night. b. provide warm soaks. c. restrict activity. d. restrict fluids.