The energy necessary to drive the bacteriorhodopsin proton pump that creates the proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis is generated by

A) a Na+ electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
B) a H+ concentration gradient across the membrane.
C) a membrane potential of 100 mV across the membrane.
D) ATP hydrolysis by ATP synthase.
E) retinal absorption of light energy.


Answer: E

Biology & Microbiology

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Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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