The energy necessary to drive the bacteriorhodopsin proton pump that creates the proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis is generated by
A) a Na+ electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
B) a H+ concentration gradient across the membrane.
C) a membrane potential of 100 mV across the membrane.
D) ATP hydrolysis by ATP synthase.
E) retinal absorption of light energy.
Answer: E
You might also like to view...
Which of the following is a heterotroph?
A) grass B) a tree C) a mushroom D) a geranium E) a cyanobacterium
During translation, mRNA codons bind to complementary tRNA anticodons
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The mouse 'Groomer' gene is expressed in the brain and tongue. In the brain, the Groomer gene makes a mature mRNA that includes exons 1, 3, 4, and 5. In the tongue, the Groomer gene makes a mature mRNA that includes exons 1, 2, 4, and 5. Which one of the following could reasonably explain these observations?
a. the Groomer pre-mRNA lacks a 5' cap in one of the tissues b. the Groomer pre-mRNA lacks a 3' poly(A) tail in one of the tissues c. the translation start codon in the Groomer gene has been mutated in one of the tissues d. exons in the Groomer pre-mRNA are alternatively spliced in the brain and tongue
Although originally discovered in bacteria as a defense against bacteriophage infection, the CRISPR/Cas gene editing system can be used to edit the genome of any cell, whether microbial, plant, fungal, or animal.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)