Which of the following can be influenced by an observer's point of fixation such that at middle distances, objects closer than the point of fixation appear to move backward, while those beyond the point of fixation appear to move forward and objects at great distances, such as the sun or moon, always appearing to move forward?
a. linear perspective
b. aerial perspective
c. interposition
d. motion parallax
D
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. A group that is confident is high in collective efficacy. b. Cohesion is based on attraction, and is separate and distinct from the group’s level of coordination and goal-orientation. c. Because task cohesion requires modification of individual tendencies, increases in task cohesion tend to reduce the level of social cohesiveness of the group. d. Collective efficacy is a group’s shared belief that it can successfully execute the actions required to be successful. e. All the statements listed are true.
In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety?
a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment. b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment. c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other. d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years afterwards.
Sensitization can threaten external validity because the results obtained in a study may be limited to ____
a. the unique circumstances of the research study b. individuals who have experienced a pretest c. individuals who have experienced a series of conditions d. participants who take on a variety of subject roles
If there is no relationship between two variables, then which type of correlation exists?
a. negative b. null c. zero d. curvilinear