Police officers may use personal observation to establish probable cause.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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Identification in criminalistics is aligned with the logic of _____
a. set theory b. legal science c. criminology d. evolutionary theory
Criminologists have consistently found that, when compared to youth who do not belong to gangs, gang members are far more involved in delinquency, especially serious and violent delinquency
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Once people get labeled for their deviant acts, they respond to it by completely refraining from such behavior
a. true b. false
Arizona v. Johnson (2009) ruled that:
a. it's lawful to frisk a passenger in a lawfully stopped vehicle, even if the passenger wasn't suspected of committing a crime. b. it's not lawful to frisk a passenger in a lawfully stopped vehicle, even if the passenger wasn't suspected of committing a crime. c. highway sobriety checkpoint programs are reasonable stops of citizens, even when there's no individualized suspicion. d. highway sobriety checkpoint programs are reasonable stops of citizens, only if there's individualized suspicion.