A research report indicates that a study subject scored at the 65th percentile on a math test. How does the reader interpret that report?
1. The subject scored 65% on the exam.
2. Sixty-five percent of the subjects taking the exam scored higher than this subject.
3. The subject was the 65th person to take the exam.
4. Thirty-five percent of subjects taking the exam scored higher than this subject.
4
Rationale 1: Percentage scored on the exam and the percentile ranking on the exam are not the same measure.
Rationale 2: Sixty-fifth percentile means that 65% of those taking the exam scored lower than this subject.
Rationale 3: This is not the meaning of 65th percentile.
Rationale 4: The 65th percentile indicates that 65% of the subjects taking the exam scored lower than this subject and that 35% of those taking the exam scored higher than this subject.
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