Which of the following bureaucratic reforms was NOT recommended by one of the Hoover Commissions?
a. Creation of EOP
b. Strengthening Bureau of the Budget
c. More discretionary power for the president over presidential organization and staff
d. Creation of the White House chief of staff
e. Eliminating nonessential governmental services and activities
A
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A meeting of legislators of the same political party in a given chamber is referred to as a
a. Committee. b. Subcommittee. c. Caucus. d. all of the above
In the context of an experiment, a variable is
a. any factor that can vary across participants or situations. b. any phenomenon or characteristic that can be measured. c. any phenomenon or characteristic of a participant or situation that has a specific value. d. the unknown quantity that the experiment will determine.
Which of the following about Russian public and semipublic institutions is NOT true?
a. Despite privatization, public or semipublic ownership of firms continues in some economic sectors including television, energy, and telecommunications. b. While private clinics and hospitals have emerged, a state-run system of medical care is still in place. c. A large portion of the country's housing is municipally owned. d. Russia's universities remain largely public institutions funded chiefly through the state. e. The executives of most public and semipublic institutions, especially those in the economic sector, are appointed through politically independent boards.
All of the following are true of a causal relationship except
a. It demonstrates covariation b. It demonstrates spuriousness c. The cause precedes the effect d. Elimination of confounding factors